Genetic Structure and Diversity of Native Tench (Tinca tinca L. 1758) Populations in Hungary—Establishment of Basic Knowledge Base for a Breeding Program

Tench is a cyprinid fish that has undergone human-induced translocations. The natural populations of the species are on decline due to habitat loss and spawning grounds degradation. genetic diversity seven was investigated establish knowledge base for successful conservation efforts selective breeding. Twelve microsatellite markers, sequencing 615 bp section mtDNA (Cytb) PCR-RFLP analysis two nuclear markers (Act) (RpS7) were used analyze variation structure among 175 individuals. All loci found have moderate levels polymorphism. pairwise Fst values between population pairings moderate; aligned four clusters. Cytb gene showed 20 haplotypes; 67.1% individuals categorized as Eastern, while 32.9% Western haplogroup. Analysis Act RpS7 genes level hybridization haplogroups high within sampled populations. Hungarian genetically less diverse compared in Western-Europe, but they still represent valuable resources Lake Fertő, Kolon Csörnöc-Herpenyő can be optimal candidates future breeding programs.